Obstructive Sleep Apnea Fact Sheet
What symptoms, systemic conditions and risk factors are associated with obstructive sleep apnea?
Symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
- Loud snoring
- Episodes of breathing cessation observed by others
- Abrupt awakenings with gasping or choking
- Morning headaches
- Daytime sleepiness and fatigue
- Difficulty concentrating
- Irritability and mood changes
- Dry mouth or sore throat upon waking
Systemic Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Hypertension: Repeated drops in blood oxygen levels increase blood pressure.
- Type 2 Diabetes: Linked to insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Frequent arousals and negative pressure changes in the chest contribute to acid reflux.
- Cardiovascular Disease: Increased risk due to the strain on the heart from intermittent hypoxia.
- Stroke: Higher incidence linked to untreated OSA.
- Metabolic Syndrome: Associated with a cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol levels, and increased waist circumference.
- Depression and Anxiety: Increased prevalence due to chronic sleep disruption.
- Decreased Quality of Life: Due to persistent fatigue, cognitive impairment, and mood disturbances.
Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Obesity: Excess weight contributes to airway obstruction.
- Neck Circumference: Larger necks may have narrower airways.
- Aging: Risk increases with age.
- Family History: Genetic predisposition can play a role.
- Gender: More common in males, although risk increases for women after menopause.
- Alcohol and Sedative Use: These relax the muscles in the throat.
- Smoking: Increases inflammation and fluid retention in the upper airway.
- Nasal Congestion: Difficulty breathing through the nose, whether from an anatomical issue or allergies, can contribute to OSA.